CPU Front Panel

CPU Front Panel

ELF Membership board:

3.5" x 2.15" (fits in an Altoids candy tin)

1802 CPU (with adjustable RC clock oscillator)

one 28-pin memory socket (for standard 2k-32k byte RAMs or EPROMs)

8-bit output port (OUT5 or OUT7)

8-bit input port (IN5 or IN7)

expansion header with all I/O and 1802 signals

operates on 3v-6v at under 1ma (plus whatever the particular memory chip you use requires)

ELF Front Panel board:

3.5" x 2.15" (plugs onto the Membership board)

9 individual LEDs (D0-D7, plus Q)

11 subminiature toggle switches (D0-D7, Clear/Wait/Load/Run, and Memory Protect -- exactly like original ELF)

25-pin DB25 connector to go to PC parallel port

The PC connection allows the PC to completely control the front panel; and thus load, examine, and run programs, and read/write to the I/O ports.

Parts List

Membership board parts list: [revised 3/22/10]

C1      22pf NPO ceramic capacitor, 0.1" lead spacing

C2-4,6  0.1uF Z5U or X7R ceramic capacitor, 0.1" lead spacing

C5      0.047 farad 5.5v memory backup capacitor, 0.465" dia, 0.2" lead spacing (PC board hole too big)

D0-8    LED, T1-3/4, color of choice

D9,10   signal diode, 1N4148 etc.

D11     zener diode, choice:

1N5231B 5.1V (cheap but uses higher current)

or 1N5232B 5.6V (use with regulated 5V supply)

or 1N4625 5.1V low poer zenor (micropower)

J1      30-pin header, 0.025" square pins on 0.1" centers (wirewrap length preferred)

J2      DB25F female 25-pin D connector, with #4 mounting hardware

J3-6    jumpers, .1" spacing, to short pins in P2 and P3 (configuration for U2)

P1abc   MOlex KK top entry socket, 10 pin, Digikey WM3241-ND (need 3)

P2      5-pin header, 0.025" square pins on 0.1" centers, from 36-pin header

P3      4x2 pin header, 0.025" square pins on 0.1" centers (2 removed)

P4      4 pin header, 0.025" square pins on 0.1" centers

R1      trimpot, Bourns 3266W or eq, 0.25" square, 0.1" lead spacing

R2      15k 5% 1/4w resistor

R3,6    100k 5% 1/4w resistor

R8-10   470k 5% 1/4w resistor <---changed 3/22/10 HRJ see this note

R4      470k 5% 1/4w

R5      100k x 8, 9-pin SIP, one side bussed

R7      1meg 5% 1/4w resistor

R11     1K 10-pin SIP, 9X1K

R12,13  100K 8 pin SIP, 7 X 100K

S0-10   submini toggle switch SPDT right angle (Digikey KCN1059-ND, $5+)

S11     submini momentary switch SPDE (Digikey CKN1740-ND, $4.87)

U1      CMOS CPU, CDP1802, use 40-pin low profile socket (Mouser 575-393640, $4)

U2      2k-32k CMOS RAM (6116, 6264, 62256) or EPROM (27C16-27C256)

        use 28-pin low profile socket (Mouser 575393628, $3)

U3,7    CMOS octal latch, 74HC373

U4      CMOS quad 2-input NAND gate, schmitt trigger, 4093

U5      CMOS dual D flip-flop, 4013

U6      CMOS octal buffer, 74HC244 or 74AHCT244

U8      CMOS 4071 quad 2-input OR

U9      CMOS 74HC257 multiplexer

Front panel board:

C6      0.1uF Z5U or X7R ceramic capacitor, 0.1" lead spacing

D0-D8   LED, T1-3/4 high brightness

J2      DB25F female connector, PC mount

P1      30-pin female top entry socket for J1, Molex KK series

    Molex 22-18-2101 (10-pos; use 3)

P4      4-pin header, 0.025" pins on 0.1" centers

R8-10   100k 5% 1/4w

R11     1k x 9, 10-pin SIP, one side bussed

R12,R13 100k x 7, 8-pin SIP, one side bussed

S1-10   SPDT toggle switch, C&K T101 series

S11     SPDT pushbutton switch

U8      CMOS quad 2-input OR gate, 4071

U9      CMOS quad data selector, 74HC257

Altoids brand, tin candy box

Jumper

Jumper

Jumper settings is near the cmos battery.To clear the BIOS or CMOS settings password,date,time and to reset the BIOS settings,this jumper is placed alternatively and again replace to original position

Those who want to install a 2.5" notebook hard disk in a typical desktop PC - if only for data synchronization - can use an adapter like this one.

Warning: In most cases, notches in the connector provide protection against reverse insertion or pin alignment/mismatch problems, but older cut-rate cables may lack these features. To prevent mishap, please obey the following rule: the side of the cable that's marked with a colored line (usually red) always attaches to the connector on the motherboard on the side that's labeled with the number 1, both for hard disks and CD/DVD drives (in fact, the stripe denotes the lead associated with pin 1 in the pin block). At the same time, the marked side of the ribbon cable should always be oriented toward the side of the drive where the power cables attach. Also, careful examination of the cable connectors and device or motherboard pin blocks show that both are missing a pin or a hole in the middle of one row. By matching up the missing pin on the drive or motherboard with the missing hole on the ribbon cable connector, correct alignment is always guaranteed.

One ribbon cable can handle two devices, such as a combination of two hard disks or a hard disk and a DVD player or burner. When two devices share a ribbon cable, one must always be configured as the master, and the other as a slave. This configuration usually requires setting a jumper as shown in this picture

Heat Sink

Lets put this in simple words, Processors are attached with motherboard via their connecting socket, different processors have different socket architecture. AMD uses AM2 / 939 / 940 where as Intel is using same LGA775 socket architecture for a long period of time.

And what’s a heat sink ??

When processors run, they generate a lot of heat, heat sink is an environment or object that absorbs and dissipates heat from another object using thermal contact (either direct or radiant).

So, is there any difference between LGA775 heat sicks ??

Infact though they look the same for all processors, but underneath they are different. Intel Celeron and Intel Core 2 Duo doesn’t come with exact same one !!

Let us take a look at some of the Intel default LGA775 heat sinks.

They may look same from the out side, but when you take a look at them from in-side, you may spot the difference !!

Let us take a look at their diagrams,

This bellow one would be a LGA775 of Intel Core 2 Duo E6xxx and E8xxx and Core 2 Quad Q6600 / Q6700,

Where as this (bellow) one is a LGA775 heat sink of Intel Pentium Dual Core / Core 2 Duo E4xxx / Pentium 4 5xx / 6xx / Celeron D

and as the Pentium D / Pentium eXtreme Editions runs at 3 GHz and higher thus generating a lot of heat so this type of heat sink are supplied with them.

The best would be these bellow type LGA775 which comes with top line Core 2 Extreme and Core 2 Quads (45nm),

Many of us upgrades our system from Pentium 4 to Pentium D or Core 2 range processors. Some time one may find that processor fan is faulty with their new system, and just to save time and money involving in warranty issue, they simply install the older Heat sink and fan with their new system.

Now as you may see,most of the time though the socket is LGA775 and all heat sink looks the same, but underneath they are quite different.

So it is always recommended to use the proper heat sink which is meant for your system, or a better one (if you know what you are doing).

CMOS or BIOS Battery

CMOS  or BIOS Battery

* 1your clock starts running slowly

    * when you boot (start) your computer it has a problem finding your hardware (no hard drive, no cd rom)

To change the battery you need the following tools:-

    * a X-point screwdriver

    * an anti-static strap

    * a new battery (without it what are you changing)

** unplug all the cables from the back of the computer as you remove them make a note where they came from. (always rember where the plugs goes back)

* Make sure the power is off

    * There are sharp edges and all so be carefull

    * Do not remove unnecessary plugs and all-they will have big effect on the computer

    * Do not damage anything inside the case

Hard Disk SATA Cables

Hard Disk SATA Cables

The SATA Cable is connect to the Hard Disk and Main Board .It has 7 pins.The Data Transfer is Followed by the cable the first pin and fourth pin and seventh pin are GND and Empty Tracks.

The SATA Power Cable is 15 pins. it has 5v power supply to hard disk directly to S.M.P.S.

The red wire is Positive Black is Negative.Yellow is GND.

SATA Data Cable is Master Slave Configuration for Mother Board.

Hard Disk ID Cables

Hard Disk ID Cables

The Hard disk controller is used to connect the interface cable in the motherboard

It is 40 pin cable one pin is empty. There are 39 pins placed. The Data Transfer From Hard disk To Mother board and DVD Drive to Main Board. The collection of data is transfered.

It is Master Slave Configuration for Mother Board to Harddisk and DVD drive only Data Transfer Method.

Trust 4 Port USB Hub

Trust 4 Port USB Hub

Ters have several types of information cables that support a wide variety of hardware devices, and allow data to be transferred to your PC from cell phones, cameras, external hard drives, mice, keyboards, printers, and even wireless network adapters.

The most common type of data cable is a USB cable (Universal Serial Bus - which is a protocol for transferring data to and from digital devices). USB 2.0 is the latest version of this protocol, and it supports data transfer rates of 12 Mbps, which is several times faster than a high-speed DSL broadband internet connection.

Trust Computer Products provides a complete, innovative and affordable range of technological products. A key principle in developing products is to propose a solution, pleasure, relaxation and pleasure for the user, the principle target to fulfill. Product Features: Compact 4-port USB hub, ideal for laptop users; connect up to four USB peripherals to a single port USB; Activities protected from over current levels; option for an external power source provides power to connected equipment, hot-swappable, plug and remove peripherals at any time; Fully Windows Plug and Play, including protective carry bag and Velcro straps.

Processor Fan

Processor Fan

In my search for a processor, I ended up getting a boxed processor. The last few times I bought a processor I bought OEM versions, usually because when I asked for a processor that’s what I was handed. But this time they handed me a boxed version. It was a surprisingly heavy box. Because, it turned out, it included a fan. That’s interesting, because nowhere on any of the sites I have visited do the say things like “boxed version includes processor fan” or anything like that. If it had, I wouldn’t have bough a separate fan until after I knew if I needed one or not.

The next thing they don’t tell you is how loud the included fan is. So the only way to know is to try it out. That’s annoying, because basically you have to guess how much more silent a separate “ultra-silent” fan is and if it’s going to be worth it for you before you buy one. You can of course also measure it, if you have a dB-meter that is good enough. I don’t. So first I tried out the AMD processor fan. Well, it makes quite a lot of noise. Not exactly what I had wanted in my “silent” system. In fact it was the noisest part of the system, and the harddisk is specified at 27db, so I’m guessing that the fan was around 35dB. I don’t know for sure, because my old cheap dB meter only goes down to 40dB. So it was time to put in the separate fan I bought.

Getting a separate fan sounds easy, but it isn’t. Most modern motherboards can control the speed of the processor fan. But most fans can not be controlled. Most fans to day have a three pin connection, and the third pin is known as “fan speed”. No, it does NOT control the fan speed, but is in fact a sensor to measure the fan speed. Fans whose speed can be controlled have four-pin connectors. These are not that common, and I couldn’t find a fan with that support and a profile low enough to fit in my case, so I got a Zalman CNSP75000-Cu because of it’s low profile. It noise is rated as 17db to 35db, so I put it in and turned on the computer, and was greeted with the noise of a small angry hairdryer. And in fact, it was one of the few things loud enough to actually get over my 40dB mark on my meter. It’s more like 45dB than 35dB, at least if measured from one meter away, which is pretty much standard. But it comes with a little controller you can use to control the speed, and I turned it down to the minimum, which should mean about 17db. The Zalman fan at that speed becomes less noisy than the hard disk, and it was in fact the chassis fans that was now the loudest parts.

There are two fans in the chassis, and also two in the power supply. But the temperature sensors in these configuration told me this was complete overkill for my configuration. The core temperature of my processor generally stays at only a couple of degrees over room temperature. That’s just silly. So I experimented with unplugging the chassis fans, and let the computer idle a while in this configuration. Without the chassis fans it is quite silent, and the processor temperature didn’t go over 50 when idle (and the max temperature is supposed to be around 90 for this processor). But even while idling, the motherboard temperature (whatever that means) got over 45 degrees, which I found a bit high for comfort (mostly because I have no idea what it actually is measuring). Also the power supply does run quite hot, so I don’t want the temperature inside the chassis to be too high, since the power supply draws it’s air from inside the chassis. The solution was obvious: Get another of the Zalman fanmates and try to lower the speed of the chassis fan as well. The Zalman fan is evidently complete overkill for AMDs Energy Efficient processors, but the airflow around the motherboard needs a bit of help, but not much, from a fan.

Graphics Card

Graphics Card

Product Description


GPU; NVIDIA Geforce FX5200 
GPU core interface; 256-BIT 
Memory; 128MB DDR 
Memory interface; 128-BIT 
Bus support; AGP 8X 
Connector; VGA+TV-OUT+DVI 
DirectX9.0 and OPENGL1.4 
NVIDIA Geforce FX5200 chipset features 
Product Specfication: 
- Powered by GeForce FX5200 GPU 
-0.15 micron process technology 
-AGP 8X interface support 
- 4 Pixels/Clock Rendering Pipeline 
-400MHz RAMDACs support 2048x1536 resolution at 85Hz 
- Highest DVI output up to 1900x1200 resolution 
- Integrated full MPEG encode and decode support Integrated NTSC & 
PAL TV encoder output up to 1024x768 resolution 
CineFX Shading Architecture 
- Support for DX 9.0 Pixel/Vertex Shader 2.0+. 
- Very long pixel programs up to 1024 instructions. 
-Very long vertex programs with up to 256 static instructions and up to 
65536 instructions 
Executed before termination. 
- Looping and subroutines with up to 256 loops per vertex program. 
- Subroutines in shader programs. 
- Dynamic flow control. 
- Conditional write masking. 
- Conditional execution. 
- Procedural shading. 
- Full instruction set for vertex and pixel programs. 
- Z-correct bump-mapping. 
--Hardware-accelerated shadow effects with shadow buffers. 
- Two-sided stencil 
- Programmable matrix palette skinning. 
- Keyframe animation. 
- Custom lens effects: Fish eye, wide angle, fresnel effects, water refraction. 
High-Performance, High-Precision, 3D Rendering Engine 
- 4 pixels per clock rendering engine. 
- 128-bit, studio-quality floating point precision through the entire graphics 
Pipeline. 
- Native support for 128-bit floating point, 64-bit floating point and 32-bit 
Integer rendering modes. 
- Up to 16 textures per pass. 
- Support for sRGB texture format for gamma textures. 
High-Performance 2D Rendering Engine 
- Optimized for 32-, 24-, 16-, 15- and 8-bpp modes. 
- True-color, 64x64 hardware cursor with alpha. 
- Multi-buffering (double, triple or quad) for smooth animation and 
Video playback. 
Advanced Display Pipeline with Full nView Capabilities 
- Dual, 400MHz RAMDACs for display resolutions up to and including 
2048x1536@85Hz

USB Mouse

USB Mouse

 

The USB Mouse is used for all over computers 

There are Four pins only in the usb mouse it is arranged to all type .

For as long as anyone can remember, there has been mice and there has been touchpad input peripherals. Even though the technology for both has improved over the years, the sad fact of the matter is the number of truly unique mice or touchpads can be counted on the fingers of one hand. 

Not all that long ago I had the pleasure of using SmartFish's first ever mouse: the Whirl. Today, I am going to look at the just released Whirl Mini. This itty-bitty mouse share a lot of the same basic feature of its bigger brother, like being a laser wireless mouse and most importantly ...

USB Keyboard

USB Keyboard

Features:

• Clean and Comfortable Design
• Laser Etched keys
• Sculpted keytops
• 3-port Hi-speed USB 2.0 hub
• Alps Mechanical key switches
• True Nkey rollover,
  allowing faster, error free typing
• System Requirements: Mac Computer or PC with USB port
• Keyboard Dimensions: 17.7 inches X 6.3 inches X 1.4 inches
• Includes: Users manual and instruction card
• Cable length: 56 inches
• Connection: USB
• Color: White

This Mini Touchpad Keyboard featuring USB or PS2 connectivity is an ultra-slim, ultra-stylish design with clean lines and an integrated touchpad. The touchpad includes a scrolling area that scrolls up and down for faster browsing. This keyboard has been developed specially for space-saving applications, and is ideal wherever there is little space for a standard keyboard and separate mouse.

Spyware Doctor

Spyware Doctor

Antivirus guards against malicious PC threats. Antispyware prevents information and identity theft. It defends your computer against malware attacks with multiple layers of protection using proactive, reactive and automatic protection to stop threats at every entry point. Now includes memory scanning, behavior profiling, and report cards to provide up-to-date protection and status monitoring for your PC. Overview Features Accolades Screenshots Details Recommended Antivirus Antispyware and antivirus awarded top ratings by independent testing labs and recommended by reviewers worldwide. Best Detection Detects, removes and blocks all types of viruses, spyware, adware, Trojans, worms, keyloggers and other threats. Powerful Protection  Antivirus and antispyware capabilities in one application. Easy-to-Use  Install, set and forget with our default settings automatically configured to optimize protection. Free Support FREE support for all subscribers. 100% Guarantee 100% 30-day, Money Back Guarantee. Latest Updates Smart Updates provide frequent automatic updates in the background to keep you protected. Advanced spyware and virus protection software used by millions worldwide Spyware Doctor with AntiVirus has been downloaded over 160 million times with millions more each week. People worldwide use Spyware Doctor with AntiVirus to protect their PCs from spyware, adware, Trojans, keyloggers, phishing attacks and other malicious online threats. Spyware Doctor with AntiVirus defends your PC against malware attacks using multiple techniques, including proactive, reactive and automated protection to stop threats at every entry point. Spyware Doctor with AntiVirus has consistently been awarded Editors' Choice awards by leading PC magazines and testing laboratories around the world, including the United States, United Kingdom, Sweden, Germany and Australia. Spyware Doctor with AntiVirus continues to be awarded the highest honors by many of the world's leading PC publications, such as PCMag.com, PC World, PC Pro, PC Plus, PC Authority, PC Utilities, PC Advisor, PC Choice, Microdatorn, Computer Bild and PC Answers Magazine. Note: If you are choosing antispyware, make sure you choose one that is proven and has genuine awards from one or more world leading research labs, such a PC Magazine, PC World, CNET, PC Pro Magazine, PC Authority, PC Answers and other trusted labs. More importantly, do not use ratings from unknown review websites as these are often designed to mislead you into purchasing affiliated, inferior or rogue products. Detects, removes and blocks spyware and viruses Did you know that numerous antivirus software programs tested against Spyware Doctor with AntiVirus detected only a small fraction of spyware and were only capable of completely removing an even smaller amount? Most compared products were unable to effectively block spyware in real time from being installed on a user's PC in the first place. Spyware Doctor with AntiVirus antispyware software makes sure you can securely connect to your online world. ThreatFire™ Behavioral Intelligence blocks threats faster than traditional signature methods. IntelliGuard™ protection monitors for malicious activity involving viruses, spyware, tracking cookies, suspicious ActiveX® objects, browser hijackers, keyloggers, Trojans and more. Spyware Doctor with AntiVirus has the most advanced update feature that continually improves its spyware and virus fighting capabilities on a daily basis. As spyware becomes more complex in order to avoid detection, Spyware Doctor with AntiVirus reacts with new technology to stay one step ahead. With multilayered browsing protection, Spyware Doctor with AntiVirus protects against web-based attacks including phishing attempts, scare tactics and silent automatic malicious downloads so you can stay online safely. Easy-to-use antispyware and antivirus software Spyware Doctor with AntiVirus has advanced virus and spyware removal technology that provides essential coverage without slowing you down with confusing features. Intuitive State Awareness Modes detect how you are using your PC, adjusting to minimize performance impact. Designed especially for people, not just experts, Spyware Doctor with AntiVirus can be installed and used right from the start. This top-rated antivirus and antispyware software is automatically set for optimal protection. Spyware Doctor with AntiVirus has advanced IntelliGuard technology that only alerts users of a true spyware or virus detection. This means you are not interrupted by cryptic questions every time software is installed, a site is added to your favorites or your PC settings are changed. Messages like these can be confusing and may result in undesirable outcomes such as program errors, lost favorites or even spyware and viruses being allowed to install on the system. We've done the research so you don't have to!

PcTools

PcTools

PC Tools Internet Security includes Spyware Doctor with AntiVirus, the most awarded antispyware protection worldwide. Spyware Doctor with AntiVirus has been downloaded over 160 million times, with a million more downloads each week. Spyware Doctor with AntiVirus will protect your PC from spyware, adware, Trojans, keylogers, phishing attacks and other malicious online threats using proactive, reactive and automated protection to stop threats at every entry point. The advanced protection of Spyware Doctor with AntiVirus, when combined with spam protection and advanced firewall, will securely connect you to your online world.

Installation
Our installation of PC Tools Internet Security 2010 was generally a pain-free experience. The program installed quickly, but did require a system reboot. Most but not all competitors require a reboot for the program to function properly. When Windows is done rebooting, the program will automatically launch and run a quick scan, which took less than 2 minutes. Even on clean machines, it’s likely that the program will pick up tracking cookies and other low-level threats. Uninstalling left behind desktop icons and Registry keys, and the Windows firewall had to be manually reactivated–not the most polite of uninstallation procedures.

Interface and features
The interface design is generally easy to use, but could be much better when it comes to accessing advanced settings. Five buttons anchor the left nav: Status, Start Scan, IntelliGuard, Tools, and Settings. Each one brings up a different pane of security information, but they’re all unified by an easy-to-read font choice and clean design. It’s too bad this design aesthetic didn’t carry through to the more advanced areas, which are much harder to read thanks to an unnecessarily small font.

The default landing page in PC Tools Internet Security 2010, the Status tab, is easy to read.
Through four large buttons the Status tab gives a broad overview of your security status. The Anti-Spyware, Anti-Virus, Anti-Spam, and Firewall buttons in the central pane are given light color-coding in either red or green, which makes it easy to see what’s going on at a glance. Clicking on one of the buttons refocuses this summary to be button specific. The supplementary information needs to be larger, because these links are the only obvious connection between the overview and the fine-tuning controls. You can get to them via the Settings tab, but it’s not clear where the ThreatFire settings are, for example. The ThreatFire exclusion list, it turns out, is the global exclusion list, but that’s not immediately apparent and impairs your ability to adjust settings.

ESET Smart Security

 

Smarter Scanner – Threats don’t always enter in ways you expect. ESET Smart Security inspects SSL-encrypted communication channels like HTTPS and POP3S, and intelligently scans compressed files to find threats that other products miss. ESET’s Smart Optimization feature makes file scanning faster than ever.
Time-saving Firewall – New Learning Mode saves time by automatically creating firewall rules by observing how end users use the network, while offering advanced firewall modes for power users. Pair customized firewall profiles with trusted network zones and have appropriate firewall rules applied automatically based on detected network presence.*
Trusted Zone Authentication – Identify trusted network zones by network configurations (a configurable combination of host/DNS/DHCP server IP address, wireless SSID, connection profile, etc) or securely authenticate into a network using ESET Authentication Server.*
Upgraded Antispam – ESET Smart Security now takes care of annoying spam with a smaller, faster, and even more effective spam filter.
Removable Media Security – Threats can enter your PC from removable media such as USB thumb drives. For self-running media, ESET Smart Security scans autorun.inf and associated files when the medium is inserted, in addition to scanning any file on any removable device when it is accessed, or during a full-scan of the media.
System Tools – ESET SysInspector and ESET SysRescue simplify diagnosing and cleaning of infected systems by allowing deep scans of system processes to find hidden threats, and creating bootable rescue CD/DVD or USB drives to help you repair an infected computer.
Self Defense – ESET Smart Security has built-in technology to prevent malicious software from corrupting or disabling it, so you can rest assured your system is always protected.

Usability Improvements

ESET Smart Security has numerous speed, security and usability upgrades such as:

• Energy-sipping battery mode extends laptop battery life without compromising security
• Advanced Protection Status screen informs you of threat detections
• Information pop-ups are hidden when running full screen applications like games, video players or presentations
• Password protection prevents ESET Smart Security from being uninstalled by strangers
• New interface and keyboard shortcuts simplify use for visually impaired users